学校订餐菜单生成器：Django+DRF 后端与 React 前端，支持 A/B 双套营养周菜单生成、部分自选、拼音搜索、营养校准、Excel 导出

2026-08-06 14:09:27 +08:00
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+"""按中国食物成分表校准菜品营养成分。
+
+原理：解析每道菜配料明细中的食材与克数，乘以对应食材营养密度（每 100g），
+再按烹饪方式（炒/红烧/油炸/蒸煮）修正油脂与糖的用量，得到更符合实际的值。
+用法：python manage.py calibrate_nutrition [--apply] [--export-seed]
+"""
+
+import re
+
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+
+from meals.models import Dish
+
+# 每 100g 可食部：蛋白质g, 脂肪g, 热量kcal（参考中国食物成分表/常见值）
+NUTRITION = {
+    '五花肉': (9.5, 35.0, 400), '猪五花': (9.5, 35.0, 400),
+    '梅花肉': (20.0, 8.0, 150), '里脊肉': (20.3, 6.2, 143), '瘦肉': (20.3, 6.2, 143),
+    '肉丝': (20.0, 7.0, 150), '肉片': (20.0, 8.0, 155), '肉糜': (18.0, 12.0, 180),
+    '肉馅': (18.0, 12.0, 180), '肉末': (18.0, 12.0, 180),
+    '猪大排': (12.6, 12.6, 168), '大排': (12.6, 12.6, 168),
+    '肋排': (12.8, 14.3, 185), '排骨': (12.8, 14.3, 185), '小排': (12.8, 14.3, 185),
+    '汤骨': (15.0, 15.0, 220), '牛腩': (20.0, 8.0, 150), '牛肉': (20.2, 4.2, 125),
+    '羊肉': (19.0, 14.1, 203),     '鸡胸': (24.0, 1.5, 118), '鸡丁': (19.0, 6.0, 140),
+    '鸡块': (19.0, 8.0, 150), '鸡肉': (19.3, 9.4, 167), '鸡腿': (14.0, 9.0, 150),
+    '鸡翅': (17.4, 11.8, 194), '烤翅': (19.0, 16.0, 240), '鸭腿': (16.0, 18.0, 230),
+    '鸭块': (15.5, 19.7, 240), '鸭肉': (15.5, 19.7, 240),
+    '鱼片': (17.0, 4.0, 110), '鱼块': (16.6, 5.2, 113), '草鱼': (16.6, 5.2, 113),
+    '鲈鱼': (18.6, 3.4, 105), '鲫鱼': (17.1, 2.7, 108),
+    '基围虾': (18.6, 0.8, 93), '虾仁': (18.6, 0.8, 93), '虾皮': (30.7, 2.2, 153),
+    '鸡蛋': (13.3, 8.8, 144), '咸蛋黄': (16.0, 30.0, 330), '皮蛋': (14.2, 10.7, 171),
+    '豆腐': (8.1, 3.7, 81), '素鸡': (16.5, 12.5, 192), '烤麸': (22.5, 0.7, 121),
+    '百叶结': (24.5, 9.0, 205), '油面筋': (17.1, 17.6, 244), '油方': (17.1, 17.6, 244),
+    '腐竹': (44.6, 21.7, 459), '粉丝': (0.8, 0.2, 338), '花生米': (24.1, 44.4, 574),
+    '花生': (24.1, 44.4, 574), '贡丸': (12.0, 12.0, 200), '红肠': (12.0, 15.0, 220),
+    '烤肠': (10.0, 20.0, 230),
+    '土豆': (2.0, 0.2, 77), '红薯': (1.1, 0.2, 90), '南瓜': (0.7, 0.1, 23),
+    '山药': (1.9, 0.2, 57), '玉米棒': (4.0, 1.2, 112), '玉米': (4.0, 1.2, 112),
+    '冬瓜': (0.4, 0.2, 12), '西葫芦': (0.8, 0.2, 19), '丝瓜': (1.0, 0.2, 20),
+    '番茄': (0.9, 0.2, 20), '西红柿': (0.9, 0.2, 20), '茄子': (1.1, 0.2, 23),
+    '青椒': (1.0, 0.2, 22), '辣椒': (1.3, 0.4, 32), '干辣椒': (15.0, 12.0, 212),
+    '彩椒': (1.0, 0.2, 22), '大白菜': (1.5, 0.1, 17), '白菜': (1.5, 0.1, 17),
+    '卷心菜': (1.5, 0.2, 22), '牛心菜': (1.5, 0.2, 22), '包菜': (1.5, 0.2, 24),
+    '娃娃菜': (1.7, 0.3, 15), '青菜': (1.7, 0.3, 15), '菠菜': (2.6, 0.3, 28),
+    '空心菜': (2.2, 0.3, 20), '菜心': (2.8, 0.5, 22), '生菜': (1.3, 0.3, 15),
+    '杭白菜': (1.8, 0.4, 18), '茼蒿菜': (1.9, 0.3, 24), '茼蒿': (1.9, 0.3, 24),
+    '莴笋': (1.0, 0.1, 15), '芦笋': (2.6, 0.2, 22), '西兰花': (4.1, 0.6, 36),
+    '莲藕': (1.9, 0.2, 73), '藕片': (1.9, 0.2, 73), '藕丁': (1.9, 0.2, 73),
+    '茭白': (1.2, 0.2, 26), '蚕豆': (8.8, 0.4, 104), '荷兰豆': (2.5, 0.3, 30),
+    '四季豆': (2.0, 0.4, 31), '豆芽': (2.1, 0.1, 18), '香菇': (2.2, 0.3, 26),
+    '菌菇': (2.5, 0.3, 25), '木耳': (1.5, 0.2, 27), '紫菜': (26.7, 1.1, 250),
+    '海带': (1.2, 0.1, 13), '黄瓜': (0.8, 0.2, 16), '洋葱': (1.1, 0.2, 40),
+    '大葱': (1.7, 0.3, 30), '韭菜': (2.4, 0.4, 26), '胡萝卜': (1.0, 0.2, 39),
+    '马蹄': (1.2, 0.2, 61), '荸荠': (1.2, 0.2, 61), '酸菜': (1.2, 0.2, 18),
+    '蒜苗': (2.1, 0.4, 37), '豆豉': (24.0, 8.0, 220), '葱油': (0.0, 100.0, 900),
+    '笋丝': (2.6, 0.2, 25), '笋': (2.6, 0.2, 25), '芹菜': (1.2, 0.2, 22),
+    '红枣': (3.2, 0.5, 276), '剁椒': (2.0, 1.0, 40), '荸荠': (1.2, 0.2, 61),
+    '米饭': (2.6, 0.3, 116), '黑米饭': (3.2, 0.6, 122), '麦片饭': (4.0, 1.2, 130),
+    '杂粮饭': (3.5, 0.8, 125), '炒面': (4.5, 6.5, 175), '豆沙包': (8.5, 3.0, 220),
+    '奶黄包': (7.0, 4.0, 200), '小笼包': (9.0, 5.0, 220), '花卷': (7.0, 1.0, 220),
+    '馒头': (7.0, 1.0, 220),
+}
+
+# 非克单位 → 每单位可食部克数
+UNIT_GRAMS = {
+    '只': {'鸡翅': 30, '烤翅': 35, '鸡蛋': 50, '蛋': 50, '基围虾': 10, '虾': 10,
+           '鸡腿': 100, '鸭腿': 100, '油面筋': 20, '油方': 20, '小笼包': 25},
+    '根': {'烤肠': 50, '火腿肠': 50},
+    '块': {'大排': 70, '排骨': 100, '鱼块': 100, '鸡块': 35, '素鸡': 50, '豆腐': 100},
+}
+UNIT_DEFAULT = {'只': 30, '根': 50, '块': 80}
+
+# 烹饪方式修正（额外油/糖，每份）：加 蛋白质g、脂肪g、热量kcal
+COOK_OIL = [
+    (('油炸', '炸'), (0.0, 12.0, 108.0)),
+    (('地三鲜', '水煮', '回锅'), (0.0, 8.0, 72.0)),
+    (('红烧', '糖醋', '蜜汁', '拔丝', '可乐', '鱼香', '酱爆', '酱鸭', '东坡', '焖', '油焖'), (0.0, 5.0, 80.0)),
+    (('炒', '爆', '干煸', '蒜香', '烤', '焗'), (0.0, 5.0, 45.0)),
+    (('蒸', '炖', '煮', '白灼', '凉拌', '汤', '清炒', '蒜蓉'), (0.0, 2.0, 18.0)),
+    (('糖拌',), (0.0, 0.0, 45.0)),
+    (('塞肉',), (4.5, 3.0, 45.0)),
+]
+
+# 类型合理范围 clamp：(protein, fat, kcal)
+CLAMP = {
+    'meat': ((4.0, 20.0), (2.0, 28.0), (90.0, 340.0)),
+    'veg': ((1.0, 10.0), (0.5, 12.0), (35.0, 170.0)),
+    'soup': ((1.5, 7.0), (1.0, 7.0), (30.0, 100.0)),
+    'staple': ((2.0, 9.0), (0.5, 10.0), (70.0, 320.0)),
+}
+
+
+def _parse_items(text):
+    """解析 '食材12g食材34g' / '食材2只' → [(食材名, 克数)]"""
+    items = []
+    for m in re.finditer(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]{1,10}?)(\d+\.?\d*)g', text):
+        items.append((m.group(1), float(m.group(2))))
+    for m in re.finditer(r'([\u4e00-\u9fa5]{1,10}?)(\d+)(?:-(\d+))?(只|根|块)', text):
+        name, unit = m.group(1), m.group(4)
+        n = int(m.group(3) or m.group(2))
+        grams = UNIT_GRAMS.get(unit, {}).get(name)
+        if grams is None:
+            grams = next((v for k, v in UNIT_GRAMS.get(unit, {}).items() if k in name), UNIT_DEFAULT[unit])
+        items.append((name, grams * n))
+    return items
+
+
+def _food_nutrition(name):
+    for key in sorted(NUTRITION, key=len, reverse=True):
+        if key in name:
+            return NUTRITION[key]
+    return None
+
+
+def _cook_fix(name):
+    for keywords, fix in COOK_OIL:
+        for k in keywords:
+            if k in name:
+                return fix
+    return (0.0, 3.0, 27.0)
+
+
+def _calc(name, dish_type, text):
+    items = _parse_items(text)
+    protein = fat = kcal = 0.0
+    matched = 0
+    for food, grams in items:
+        n = _food_nutrition(food)
+        if n:
+            matched += 1
+            p, f, k = n
+            protein += p * grams / 100
+            fat += f * grams / 100
+            kcal += k * grams / 100
+    if not matched:
+        return None
+    if dish_type != 'staple':
+        fix = _cook_fix(name)
+        fat += fix[1]
+        kcal += fix[2]
+    (p_min, p_max), (f_min, f_max), (k_min, k_max) = CLAMP[dish_type]
+    protein = min(max(protein, p_min), p_max)
+    fat = min(max(fat, f_min), f_max)
+    kcal = min(max(round(kcal), int(k_min)), int(k_max))
+    return round(protein, 1), round(fat, 1), int(kcal)
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = '按食物成分表校准菜品营养成分（--apply 写入数据库，--export-seed 重新生成 seed_dishes.py）'
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser):
+        parser.add_argument('--apply', action='store_true', help='写入数据库（默认仅预览）')
+        parser.add_argument('--export-seed', action='store_true', help='重新生成 seed_dishes.py')
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        apply_changes = options['apply']
+        updated, unchanged, skipped = [], [], []
+        rows = []
+        for dish in Dish.objects.filter(is_active=True).order_by('dish_type', 'cuisine', 'id'):
+            result = _calc(dish.name, dish.dish_type, dish.ingredient_detail or '')
+            if result is None:
+                skipped.append(dish.name)
+                continue
+            p, f, k = result
+            old = (float(dish.protein), float(dish.fat), int(dish.calorie))
+            rows.append((dish, old, result))
+            if abs(old[0] - p) < 0.05 and abs(old[1] - f) < 0.05 and old[2] == k:
+                unchanged.append(dish.name)
+                continue
+            updated.append(dish.name)
+            self.stdout.write(
+                f'{dish.name}: 蛋白 {old[0]}→{p} | 脂肪 {old[1]}→{f} | 热量 {old[2]}→{k}'
+            )
+
+        self.stdout.write(self.style.WARNING(f'\n将更新 {len(updated)} 道，不变 {len(unchanged)} 道，无法解析 {len(skipped)} 道'))
+        if skipped:
+            self.stdout.write('无法解析（保留原值）: ' + '、'.join(skipped))
+
+        if apply_changes:
+            for dish, _, (p, f, k) in rows:
+                dish.protein, dish.fat, dish.calorie = p, f, k
+                dish.save(update_fields=['protein', 'fat', 'calorie'])
+            self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS('已写入数据库'))
+
+        if options['export_seed']:
+            self._export_seed(rows, skipped)
+
+    def _export_seed(self, rows, skipped):
+        path = __file__.replace('calibrate_nutrition.py', 'seed_dishes.py')
+        grouped = {}
+        for dish, _, (p, f, k) in rows:
+            grouped.setdefault(dish.dish_type, []).append(dish)
+        lines = []
+        lines.append('from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand')
+        lines.append('')
+        lines.append('from meals.models import Dish')
+        lines.append('')
+        lines.append('# (菜名, 菜系, 配料明细, 蛋白质g, 脂肪g, 热量kcal)')
+        lines.append('SAMPLE_DISHES = {')
+        for t in ('meat', 'veg', 'soup', 'staple'):
+            dishes = [d for d in grouped.get(t, []) if d.name not in skipped]
+            lines.append(f"    '{t}': [")
+            for d in dishes:
+                lines.append(
+                    f"        ('{d.name}', '{d.cuisine}', '{d.ingredient_detail}', {d.protein}, {d.fat}, {d.calorie}),"
+                )
+            lines.append('    ],')
+        lines.append('}')
+        tail = '''
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = '写入示例菜品数据（含菜系）'
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        count = 0
+        for dish_type, items in SAMPLE_DISHES.items():
+            for name, cuisine, ingredient, protein, fat, calorie in items:
+                _, created = Dish.objects.update_or_create(
+                    name=name,
+                    defaults={
+                        'dish_type': dish_type,
+                        'cuisine': cuisine,
+                        'ingredient_detail': ingredient,
+                        'protein': protein,
+                        'fat': fat,
+                        'calorie': calorie,
+                    },
+                )
+                if created:
+                    count += 1
+        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(f'示例菜品已就绪（新增 {count} 道，库中共 {Dish.objects.count()} 道）'))
+'''
+        with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write('\n'.join(lines) + tail)
+        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(f'seed_dishes.py 已重新生成：{path}'))
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+
+from meals.models import Dish
+
+TYPE_MAP = {'荤菜': 'meat', '素菜': 'veg', '汤': 'soup', '主食': 'staple'}
+TYPE_MAP_REV = {v: k for k, v in TYPE_MAP.items()}
+
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = '从文本文件批量导入菜品。每行格式：类型|菜名|配料明细|蛋白质|脂肪|热量|菜系  （类型：荤菜/素菜/汤/主食，营养与菜系可省略）'
+
+    def add_arguments(self, parser):
+        parser.add_argument('file', help='菜品文本文件路径')
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        path = options['file']
+        created, skipped = 0, 0
+        with open(path, encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
+            for line_no, line in enumerate(f, 1):
+                line = line.strip()
+                if not line or line.startswith('#'):
+                    continue
+                parts = [p.strip() for p in line.split('|')]
+                if len(parts) < 2:
+                    self.stderr.write(f'第 {line_no} 行格式错误，已跳过: {line}')
+                    skipped += 1
+                    continue
+                label, name = parts[0], parts[1]
+                dish_type = TYPE_MAP.get(label)
+                if not dish_type or not name:
+                    self.stderr.write(f'第 {line_no} 行类型或菜名无效，已跳过: {line}')
+                    skipped += 1
+                    continue
+                ingredient = parts[2] if len(parts) > 2 else ''
+                protein = float(parts[3]) if len(parts) > 3 and parts[3] else 0
+                fat = float(parts[4]) if len(parts) > 4 and parts[4] else 0
+                calorie = int(float(parts[5])) if len(parts) > 5 and parts[5] else 0
+                cuisine = parts[6] if len(parts) > 6 and parts[6] else '家常菜'
+                dish, is_created = Dish.objects.update_or_create(
+                    name=name,
+                    defaults={
+                        'dish_type': dish_type,
+                        'cuisine': cuisine,
+                        'ingredient_detail': ingredient,
+                        'protein': protein,
+                        'fat': fat,
+                        'calorie': calorie,
+                    },
+                )
+                if is_created:
+                    created += 1
+                    self.stdout.write(f'新增: {label} - {name}（{cuisine}）')
+        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(f'导入完成：新增 {created} 道，跳过 {skipped} 条'))
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
+
+from meals.models import Dish
+
+# (菜名, 菜系, 配料明细, 蛋白质g, 脂肪g, 热量kcal)
+SAMPLE_DISHES = {
+    'meat': [
+        ('可乐鸡翅', '家常菜', '鸡翅2只', 10.4, 12.1, 196),
+        ('奥尔良烤翅', '家常菜', '烤翅2只', 13.3, 16.2, 213),
+        ('红烧三角油方塞肉', '家常菜', '三角油方1只', 4.0, 8.5, 129),
+        ('牛心菜炒五花肉片', '家常菜', '牛心菜85g五花肉片15g', 4.0, 10.4, 124),
+        ('五花肉烧百叶结', '家常菜', '五花肉85g百叶结20g', 13.0, 28.0, 340),
+        ('火山石烤肠', '家常菜', '烤肠1根', 5.0, 15.0, 160),
+        ('肉糜蒸蛋', '家常菜', '肉糜65g鸡蛋25g', 15.0, 12.0, 171),
+        ('蚝油牛肉片', '家常菜', '牛肉片85g洋葱50g', 17.6, 9.9, 179),
+        ('原味鸡块', '家常菜', '鸡块2块', 13.3, 8.6, 132),
+        ('青椒茭白肉丝', '家常菜', '青椒5g茭白75g肉丝15g', 4.0, 4.2, 90),
+        ('蒜香骨', '家常菜', '肋排100g', 12.8, 19.3, 230),
+        ('番茄牛腩', '家常菜', '牛腩80g番茄70g', 16.6, 9.5, 161),
+        ('土豆烧鸡块', '家常菜', '鸡块100g土豆60g', 20.0, 11.1, 223),
+        ('青椒肉丝', '家常菜', '肉丝70g青椒40g', 14.4, 8.0, 141),
+        ('洋葱炒肉片', '家常菜', '肉片70g洋葱50g', 14.6, 10.7, 174),
+        ('香菇滑鸡', '家常菜', '鸡块110g香菇20g', 20.0, 11.9, 197),
+        ('冬瓜烧排骨', '家常菜', '排骨80g冬瓜60g', 10.5, 14.6, 182),
+        ('家常回锅肉', '家常菜', '五花肉80g蒜苗30g', 8.2, 28.0, 340),
+        ('木须肉', '家常菜', '肉片50g鸡蛋30g木耳10g黄瓜20g', 14.3, 9.7, 154),
+        ('红烧鸡腿', '家常菜', '鸡腿1只', 14.0, 14.0, 230),
+        ('玉米炖排骨', '家常菜', '排骨80g玉米70g', 13.0, 14.3, 244),
+        ('啤酒鸭', '家常菜', '鸭块120g青椒30g', 18.9, 26.7, 322),
+        ('宫保鸡丁', '川菜', '鸡丁80g花生米20g', 20.0, 16.7, 254),
+        ('鱼香肉丝', '川菜', '肉丝70g笋丝30g', 14.8, 10.0, 192),
+        ('辣子鸡丁', '川菜', '鸡丁100g干辣椒10g', 20.0, 10.2, 188),
+        ('水煮肉片', '川菜', '肉片90g豆芽40g', 18.8, 15.2, 219),
+        ('酸菜鱼', '川菜', '鱼片100g酸菜50g', 17.6, 7.1, 146),
+        ('回锅肉', '川菜', '五花肉85g蒜苗25g', 8.6, 28.0, 340),
+        ('蚂蚁上树', '川菜', '粉丝50g肉末30g', 5.8, 6.7, 250),
+        ('鱼香茄子煲', '川菜', '茄子100g肉末25g', 5.6, 8.2, 148),
+        ('红烧肉', '本帮菜', '五花肉100g', 9.5, 28.0, 340),
+        ('糖醋排骨', '本帮菜', '肋排100g', 12.8, 19.3, 265),
+        ('红烧狮子头', '本帮菜', '肉糜80g马蹄20g', 14.6, 14.6, 236),
+        ('油面筋塞肉', '本帮菜', '油面筋2只肉馅50g', 15.8, 16.0, 233),
+        ('酱鸭', '本帮菜', '鸭腿150g', 20.0, 28.0, 340),
+        ('葱油鸡', '本帮菜', '鸡腿150g葱油10g', 20.0, 26.5, 340),
+        ('熏鱼', '本帮菜', '草鱼块100g', 16.6, 8.2, 140),
+        ('百叶结烧肉', '本帮菜', '五花肉80g百叶结30g', 14.9, 28.0, 340),
+        ('红烧基围虾', '江浙菜', '基围虾3-4只', 7.4, 5.3, 117),
+        ('白灼虾', '江浙菜', '基围虾4只', 7.4, 2.3, 90),
+        ('清蒸狮子头', '江浙菜', '肉糜80g荸荠20g', 14.6, 11.6, 174),
+        ('西湖醋鱼', '江浙菜', '草鱼块120g', 19.9, 9.2, 163),
+        ('东坡肉', '江浙菜', '五花肉90g', 8.6, 28.0, 340),
+        ('小炒黄牛肉', '湘菜', '牛肉片80g芹菜30g', 16.4, 11.5, 176),
+        ('农家小炒肉', '湘菜', '五花肉70g青椒50g', 7.2, 28.0, 336),
+        ('辣椒炒肉', '湘菜', '瘦肉60g青椒60g', 12.8, 8.8, 144),
+        ('剁椒鱼块', '湘菜', '鱼块110g剁椒15g', 18.6, 8.9, 157),
+        ('白切鸡', '粤菜', '鸡腿150g姜葱适量', 20.0, 16.5, 252),
+        ('豉汁蒸排骨', '粤菜', '肋排100g豆豉5g', 14.0, 16.7, 214),
+        ('清蒸鲈鱼', '粤菜', '鲈鱼块120g', 19.9, 8.2, 154),
+        ('蒜蓉粉丝蒸虾', '粤菜', '基围虾4只粉丝20g', 7.6, 2.4, 123),
+        ('蜜汁叉烧', '粤菜', '梅花肉100g', 20.0, 13.0, 230),
+        ('蜜汁鸡腿', '粤菜', '鸡腿1只', 14.0, 14.0, 230),
+        ('虾仁滑蛋', '粤菜', '虾仁50g鸡蛋60g', 17.3, 8.7, 160),
+        ('大盘鸡', '西北菜', '鸡块110g土豆60g', 20.0, 11.9, 238),
+        ('孜然羊肉', '西北菜', '羊肉片90g洋葱40g', 18.4, 10.3, 182),
+        ('土豆炖牛肉', '西北菜', '牛肉80g土豆70g', 17.6, 5.5, 172),
+        ('糖醋里脊', '鲁菜', '里脊肉80g', 16.2, 10.0, 194),
+        ('酱爆鸡丁', '鲁菜', '鸡丁90g黄瓜30g', 17.3, 10.5, 211),
+        ('木须肉片', '鲁菜', '肉片50g鸡蛋25g木耳15g', 13.5, 9.2, 145),
+        ('红烧大排', '鲁菜', '猪大排1块', 8.8, 13.8, 198),
+        ('葱爆牛肉', '鲁菜', '牛肉片80g大葱50g', 16.9, 11.6, 184),
+    ],
+    'veg': [
+        ('醋溜土豆丝', '家常菜', '土豆丝100g', 2.0, 3.2, 104),
+        ('香菇青菜', '家常菜', '香菇20g青菜80g', 1.8, 3.3, 44),
+        ('酸辣白菜', '家常菜', '白菜100g', 1.5, 3.1, 44),
+        ('清炒莴笋', '家常菜', '莴笋100g', 1.0, 5.1, 60),
+        ('手撕包菜', '家常菜', '包菜100g', 1.5, 3.2, 51),
+        ('韭菜炒蛋', '家常菜', '韭菜80g鸡蛋20g', 4.6, 7.1, 95),
+        ('西红柿炒蛋', '家常菜', '西红柿80g鸡蛋20g', 3.4, 6.9, 90),
+        ('蒜泥茼蒿菜', '家常菜', '茼蒿菜100g', 1.9, 3.3, 51),
+        ('炒什锦', '家常菜', '莴笋60g油面筋10g胡萝卜10g肉片15g', 5.4, 8.0, 106),
+        ('蒜泥杭白菜', '家常菜', '杭白菜100g', 1.8, 3.4, 45),
+        ('虾皮西葫芦', '家常菜', '西葫芦100g虾皮5g', 2.3, 3.3, 54),
+        ('彩椒炒鸡蛋', '家常菜', '彩椒80g鸡蛋20g', 3.5, 6.9, 91),
+        ('麻婆豆腐', '川菜', '豆腐100g肉末15g', 10.0, 8.5, 135),
+        ('鱼香茄子', '川菜', '茄子100g肉末15g', 3.8, 7.0, 130),
+        ('干煸四季豆', '川菜', '四季豆100g肉末10g', 3.8, 6.6, 94),
+        ('虎皮青椒', '川菜', '青椒100g', 1.0, 3.2, 49),
+        ('凉拌木耳', '川菜', '木耳50g黄瓜50g', 1.1, 2.2, 40),
+        ('酸辣藕丁', '川菜', '莲藕100g', 1.9, 3.2, 100),
+        ('红烧素鸡', '本帮菜', '汉康素鸡1块', 8.2, 11.2, 170),
+        ('四喜烤麸', '本帮菜', '烤麸60g香菇15g木耳15g花生10g', 10.0, 9.9, 170),
+        ('油焖茭白', '本帮菜', '茭白100g', 1.2, 5.2, 106),
+        ('葱油蚕豆', '本帮菜', '蚕豆100g', 8.8, 3.4, 131),
+        ('蒜泥西兰花', '江浙菜', '西兰花100g', 4.1, 3.6, 63),
+        ('清炒芦笋', '江浙菜', '芦笋100g', 2.6, 5.2, 67),
+        ('荷兰豆炒藕片', '江浙菜', '荷兰豆50g藕片50g', 2.2, 5.2, 96),
+        ('糖拌西红柿', '江浙菜', '西红柿150g', 1.4, 0.5, 75),
+        ('剁椒蒸豆腐', '湘菜', '豆腐100g剁椒10g', 8.3, 5.8, 103),
+        ('湘味藕片', '湘菜', '莲藕100g', 1.9, 3.2, 100),
+        ('白灼菜心', '粤菜', '菜心100g', 2.8, 2.5, 40),
+        ('蚝油生菜', '粤菜', '生菜100g', 1.3, 3.3, 42),
+        ('蒜蓉空心菜', '粤菜', '空心菜100g', 2.2, 2.3, 38),
+        ('上汤娃娃菜', '粤菜', '娃娃菜100g皮蛋10g', 3.1, 3.4, 50),
+        ('虾皮冬瓜', '粤菜', '冬瓜100g虾皮5g', 1.9, 3.3, 47),
+        ('韭菜炒豆芽', '西北菜', '豆芽80g韭菜20g', 2.2, 5.2, 65),
+        ('番茄炒包菜', '西北菜', '包菜70g番茄30g', 1.3, 5.2, 68),
+        ('蒜香茄子', '西北菜', '茄子100g', 1.1, 5.2, 68),
+        ('红枣南瓜', '面点小吃', '南瓜100g红枣5g', 1.0, 3.1, 64),
+        ('蛋黄焗南瓜', '面点小吃', '南瓜100g咸蛋黄15g', 3.1, 9.6, 118),
+        ('拔丝红薯', '面点小吃', '红薯100g', 1.1, 5.2, 170),
+        ('地三鲜', '鲁菜', '土豆50g茄子50g青椒20g', 1.8, 8.2, 126),
+        ('醋溜白菜', '鲁菜', '白菜100g', 1.5, 3.1, 44),
+        ('蒜蓉菠菜', '鲁菜', '菠菜100g', 2.6, 2.3, 46),
+        ('家常豆腐', '鲁菜', '豆腐100g青椒20g', 8.3, 6.7, 112),
+        ('清炒山药', '鲁菜', '山药100g木耳10g', 2.0, 5.2, 105),
+    ],
+    'soup': [
+        ('番茄蛋汤', '家常菜', '西红柿20g鸡蛋10g', 1.5, 2.9, 36),
+        ('冬瓜排骨汤', '家常菜', '冬瓜25g排骨15g', 2.0, 4.2, 49),
+        ('大白菜贡丸汤', '家常菜', '大白菜20g贡丸20g', 2.7, 4.4, 61),
+        ('小排玉米棒胡萝卜汤', '家常菜', '小排20g玉米棒15g胡萝卜5g', 3.2, 5.0, 74),
+        ('紫菜虾皮蛋汤', '家常菜', '紫菜5g虾皮1g鸡蛋10g', 3.0, 3.0, 46),
+        ('汤骨海带丝汤', '家常菜', '汤骨15g海带丝15g', 2.4, 4.3, 53),
+        ('罗宋汤', '家常菜', '卷心菜15g土豆20g西红柿10g红肠5g', 1.5, 2.8, 50),
+        ('番茄菌菇汤', '家常菜', '西红柿20g菌菇20g', 1.5, 2.1, 30),
+        ('丝瓜蛋汤', '家常菜', '丝瓜25g鸡蛋10g', 1.6, 2.9, 37),
+        ('山药排骨汤', '江浙菜', '山药25g排骨15g', 2.4, 4.2, 60),
+        ('莲藕排骨汤', '江浙菜', '莲藕25g排骨15g', 2.4, 4.2, 64),
+        ('鲫鱼豆腐汤', '江浙菜', '鲫鱼20g豆腐15g', 4.6, 3.1, 52),
+    ],
+    'staple': [
+        ('米饭', '面点小吃', '米饭150g', 3.9, 0.5, 174),
+        ('黑米饭', '面点小吃', '黑米饭150g', 4.8, 0.9, 183),
+        ('麦片饭', '面点小吃', '麦片饭150g', 6.0, 1.8, 195),
+        ('炒面', '面点小吃', '炒面150g', 6.8, 9.8, 262),
+        ('豆沙包', '面点小吃', '豆沙包30g', 2.5, 0.9, 70),
+        ('杂粮饭', '面点小吃', '杂粮饭150g', 5.2, 1.2, 188),
+        ('奶黄包', '面点小吃', '奶黄包30g', 2.1, 1.2, 70),
+        ('小笼包', '面点小吃', '小笼包3只', 6.8, 3.8, 165),
+        ('花卷', '面点小吃', '花卷50g', 3.5, 0.5, 110),
+        ('黄金馒头', '面点小吃', '馒头50g', 3.5, 0.5, 110),
+    ],
+}
+
+class Command(BaseCommand):
+    help = '写入示例菜品数据（含菜系）'
+
+    def handle(self, *args, **options):
+        count = 0
+        for dish_type, items in SAMPLE_DISHES.items():
+            for name, cuisine, ingredient, protein, fat, calorie in items:
+                _, created = Dish.objects.update_or_create(
+                    name=name,
+                    defaults={
+                        'dish_type': dish_type,
+                        'cuisine': cuisine,
+                        'ingredient_detail': ingredient,
+                        'protein': protein,
+                        'fat': fat,
+                        'calorie': calorie,
+                    },
+                )
+                if created:
+                    count += 1
+        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS(f'示例菜品已就绪（新增 {count} 道，库中共 {Dish.objects.count()} 道）'))