弹出气泡Popover
在某个元素的旁边弹出一小块说明或轻量操作(运费规则、字段解释、更多操作),说完就收
反馈 规格 41 · 弹出气泡 Popover 6 端实现 触摸优先
<!-- ① 令牌:PC 令牌 + 移动端 --kole-m-* 合成单文件,引一次 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="kole-ui/mobile/tokens.css">
<!-- ② 本组件样式(全量则用 kole-ui/mobile/components/index.css) -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="kole-ui/mobile/components/mobile-popover.css">
<!-- ③ 结构照抄下方任一演示块(类名与 6 端实现一致) -->
演示
每个演示都是真实渲染:预览帧加载 frameworks-mobile/Popover.html?demo=<id>(只显示该演示块),代码是该演示块在演示页里的原文,可复制。全部演示同屏可看 演示页 ↗。
01 组件类型
上方 / 下方 / 左侧 / 右侧:气泡各自相对自己的触发器定位,所以四个可以同页并列而互不影响。
查看代码(演示页原文 · 41 行)
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="placements">
<p class="demo-label">四个方向(placement=top / bottom / left / right:气泡永远贴着它自己的触发器)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--grid" data-assert="popover-placements">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-top" data-placement="top" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-top|data-open|true">上方</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--top kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="上方气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在上方</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-bottom" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-bottom|data-open|true">下方</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="下方气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在下方</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-left" data-placement="left" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-left|data-open|true">左侧</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--left kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="左侧气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在左侧</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-right" data-placement="right" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-right|data-open|true">右侧</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--right kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="右侧气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在右侧</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="demo-hint">四个气泡各自相对自己的触发器定位,互不影响;点一下对应按钮即可看到它出现在那一侧。</p>
</section>arrow=false:省掉三角,仅靠位置表达归属,适合小屏上空间紧张的场景。
查看代码(演示页原文 · 12 行)
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="arrow">
<p class="demo-label">无箭头(arrow=false:小屏上空间紧张时省掉三角,气泡位置不变)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-arrow">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-noarrow" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-noarrow|data-open|true">无箭头气泡</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom" role="dialog" aria-label="无箭头气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">不带箭头,仅靠位置表达归属</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>02 组件状态
title 给出这条气泡在说什么,正文再补一句;标题同时作为面板的 aria-label 供读屏播报。
查看代码(演示页原文 · 14 行)
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="title">
<p class="demo-label">带标题(title + text:标题给出这条气泡在说什么,正文再补一句)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-title">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-title" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-title|data-open|true">运费说明</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="运费说明">
<p class="kole-m-popover__title">运费规则</p>
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">单笔满 99 元免运费,偏远地区不参与。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>气泡没有遮罩可依赖,落点在气泡与触发器之外时收起;触屏上这是唯一的隐式关闭路径。
查看代码(演示页原文 · 24 行)
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="outside">
<p class="demo-label">点击外部关闭(气泡没有遮罩可依赖:落点在气泡与触发器之外时收起)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-outside">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-outside" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-toggles-class:#pop-outside-panel|is-open">先点我展开</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
id="pop-outside-panel" role="dialog" aria-label="待关闭的气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">展开后,再点下面的「外部区域」即可收起</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-outside-open" data-placement="bottom" data-open="true">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="dialog">已展开的气泡</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow is-open"
role="dialog" aria-label="已展开的气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">这条默认就是展开的,用来对照「点外部后是否真的收起」</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="demo-hint">
<button class="demo-outside" type="button"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-outside-open|data-open|false">外部区域(点这里收起)</button>
</p>
</section>API
props / events / slots 为 6 端实现的公共接口(说明文字取自规格对应小节)。字段名与各端源码逐名核对:node tools/verify-mobile-docs.mjs
Props
| 名称 | 类型 | 默认值 | 说明 | 必传 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
open | boolean | false | 状态 open:气泡展开可见(规格 §41.4) | N |
placement | 'top' | 'bottom' | 'left' | 'right' | 'bottom' | 变体 placement:气泡相对触发器出现在哪一侧(规格 §41.3) | N |
triggerText | string | '' | 触发器文字,同时作为面板 aria-label 的兜底名称(规格 §41.2 trigger) | N |
title | string | '' | 标题,可选;同时作为面板的 aria-label(规格 §41.2 title) | N |
text | string | '' | 正文文字,可选(规格 §41.2 text) | N |
arrow | boolean | true | 变体 arrow:是否渲染指向触发器的小三角(规格 §41.3) | N |
closeOnOutside | boolean | true | 落点在气泡与触发器之外时是否关闭(规格 §41.5) | N |
「必传」按严格定义:实现里**没有默认值**时才为 Y(本门禁逐条核对 props 与各端源码的默认值,防止契约与实现脱节)。
事件
| 名称 | 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
toggle | — | 点击触发器时触发;是否展开由宿主决定(受控)(规格 §41.5) |
close | — | 落点在气泡与触发器之外、且 closeOnOutside=true 时触发(规格 §41.5) |
插槽
| 名称 | 说明 |
|---|---|
default | 气泡内容(放在 title / text 之后,用于自定义内容) |
CSS 变量
组件级变量(在组件样式表里定义)。业务侧可在自己的作用域内覆盖,不必改组件源码。
| 名称 | 默认值 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
--kole-m-popover-gap | var(--kole-space-8) | 组件内部默认值,可在业务侧覆盖 |
--kole-m-popover-arrow | 5px | 组件内部默认值,可在业务侧覆盖 |
--kole-m-popover-max-width | 240px | 组件内部默认值,可在业务侧覆盖 |
何时使用
- 在某个元素的旁边弹出一小块说明或轻量操作(运费规则、字段解释、更多操作),说完就收
- 触屏没有悬停:桌面端移开鼠标就收起,触屏必须显式给一条关闭路径(点击气泡之外)
- 气泡是相对某个触发元素定位的,不是铺满视口的浮层 —— 这是它与轻提示 / 遮罩层的根本区别
- 一次轻点触发器展开 / 收起,同一个按钮负责开与关
- 边缘空间不足时的翻转(flip)由宿主决定:把 placement 换成对侧即可,组件不做自动测量
交互与触控
- 一次轻点触发器展开 / 收起,同一个按钮负责开与关
- 点击外部关闭:落点不在「气泡或触发器」之内时收起;气泡没有遮罩可依赖,靠文档级 pointerdown 判定
- uni-app 端没有 document,改用铺满视口的透明捕获层(层级低于面板)
- 不响应长按、双击与拖动;气泡自身不消费纵向滚动
- 气泡与触发器之间留 --kole-m-popover-gap(默认 8px)的间隙,避免气泡盖住触发器的按下反馈
- 开合动效 120ms(--kole-duration-fast),减少动态偏好下瞬时切换
无障碍
- 触发器是原生 button,带 aria-expanded(读屏能播报「已展开 / 已折叠」)与 aria-haspopup
- 面板 role="dialog" + aria-label:名称取 title,为空时退回触发器文字,保证读屏不会读到一个匿名对话框
- 弹出时不移动焦点(气泡是补充说明而非中断式浮层)
- 气泡不因展开而隐藏任何内容:关闭后触发器仍在原地可再次打开
相似组件
从「该用哪一个」的角度区分;PC 端的对应实现见 PC 文档站。
| 组件 | 何时用它而不是本组件 |
|---|---|
| 弹出层Popup | 需要铺满视口、带方向位移与标题栏的浮层时用弹出层;气泡只贴着触发器,不覆盖整屏 |
| 轻提示Toast | 只是短暂告知结果、不需要贴着某个元素时用轻提示;气泡会一直停在触发器旁边等用户处理 |
| 对话框Dialog | 需要用户确认或输入的中断式浮层用对话框,气泡不该承载需要决策的内容 |
规格未定 / 禁止发明
| 类别 | 条目 |
|---|---|
| 禁止发明 | 基于可用空间的自动翻转与自动方位选择(placement 由宿主决定) |
| 禁止发明 | 悬停触发(触屏没有悬停;桌面端若需要,由宿主包装) |
| 禁止发明 | 气泡内的表单校验与提交流程 |
| 禁止发明 | 气泡之间的互斥开关(哪个开着由宿主管理) |
| 规格未定 | 是否需要在气泡贴近视口边缘时自动夹在边界内(当前只做静态定位) |
| 规格未定 | role="dialog" 对纯文字说明类气泡是否过重(当前统一用 dialog + aria-label) |
| 规格未定 | 点击外部关闭是否需要区分「点了另一个气泡」的情况 |
结构(anatomy)
| 字段 | 说明 |
|---|---|
popover | 根元素,position: relative 的包一层,气泡在其中绝对定位(因此永远贴着自己的触发器) |
trigger | 触发器(原生 button),热区 ≥44px,写 aria-expanded 与 aria-haspopup |
panel | 气泡面板,按 placement 贴着触发器的某一侧;role="dialog" 并带 aria-label |
title / text | 标题与正文,可选 |
箭头 | arrow=true 时由纯 CSS 三角(border 拼出,无图片、无 hex)指向触发器 |
变体维度与类名映射
类名映射由构建脚本从契约 variantClasses 生成,并被 verify:mobile-docs 逐条对照组件 CSS 校验(类/变量必须真实存在)。
| 维度 | 取值 | 对应类名 / 变量 |
|---|---|---|
placement | top / bottom / left / right | top .kole-m-popover__panel--top bottom .kole-m-popover__panel--bottom left .kole-m-popover__panel--left right .kole-m-popover__panel--right |
arrow | false / true | false (由数据驱动,无专属类) true .kole-m-popover__panel--arrow |
代表变体
| 变体 | 标签 |
|---|---|
placement=top · arrow=true | 上方气泡(带箭头) |
placement=bottom · arrow=true | 下方气泡(最常用) |
placement=left · arrow=true | 左侧气泡 |
placement=right · arrow=false | 右侧不带箭头 |
用到的令牌
构建时从本组件样式表扫描得出。蓝色为移动端自有令牌,绿色为继承的 PC 令牌(改一处两端生效)。
6 端源码
同一组件的六份实现(生产环境的类名与结构一致,差异只在技术栈写法与单位)。点开查看,右侧可复制。
frameworks-mobile/Popover.css · 纯样式(CSS) · 142 行
/* Kole UI Mobile · Popover 样式 — 对齐移动端规格 §41
弹出气泡:由**触发元素定位**——根是 position: relative 的包一层,气泡在其中绝对定位,
所以气泡永远贴着它自己的触发器,不铺满视口(这不是 toast/overlay 那种全屏浮层)。
四个方向靠 placement 修饰符切换;箭头是纯 CSS 三角形(border 拼出,无图片、无 hex)。
点击外部关闭由宿主(或演示页脚本)判定:气泡是绝对定位的普通元素,没有遮罩可以依赖。 */
.kole-m-popover {
--kole-m-popover-gap: var(--kole-space-8);
--kole-m-popover-arrow: 5px;
--kole-m-popover-max-width: 240px;
position: relative;
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-start;
font-family: var(--kole-font-family);
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label);
line-height: 1.5;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 1200;
box-sizing: border-box;
max-width: var(--kole-m-popover-max-width);
padding: var(--kole-space-8) var(--kole-space-12);
border-radius: var(--kole-radius-medium);
background: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
color: var(--kole-color-text-body);
box-shadow: var(--kole-shadow-medium);
text-align: start;
opacity: 0;
visibility: hidden;
pointer-events: none;
transition: opacity var(--kole-duration-fast) var(--kole-ease-out),
visibility var(--kole-duration-fast) var(--kole-ease-out);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel.is-open {
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
pointer-events: auto;
}
/* 变体 placement:四个方向(面板贴着触发器的那一侧) */
.kole-m-popover__panel--top {
left: 0;
bottom: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--bottom {
left: 0;
top: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--left {
right: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
top: 0;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--right {
left: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
top: 0;
}
/* 变体 arrow=true:指向触发器的小三角(border 拼出,颜色取卡片底) */
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: var(--kole-m-popover-arrow) solid transparent;
pointer-events: none;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--top::after {
left: var(--kole-space-16);
top: 100%;
border-top-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--bottom::after {
left: var(--kole-space-16);
bottom: 100%;
border-bottom-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--left::after {
top: var(--kole-space-16);
left: 100%;
border-left-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--right::after {
top: var(--kole-space-16);
right: 100%;
border-right-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__title {
margin: 0 0 var(--kole-space-4);
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label);
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--kole-color-text-title);
}
.kole-m-popover__text { margin: 0; }
/* 触发器:宿主提供的可点元素(原生 button / a);热区 ≥ 44px、可聚焦、有焦点环 */
.kole-m-popover__trigger {
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
min-height: var(--kole-m-touch-target);
padding: 0 var(--kole-space-12);
border: 1px solid var(--kole-color-border);
border-radius: var(--kole-radius-base);
background: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
color: var(--kole-color-text-body);
font-family: inherit;
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label);
line-height: 1;
cursor: pointer;
touch-action: manipulation;
}
.kole-m-popover__trigger:active { background: var(--kole-color-table-header-bg); }
.kole-m-popover__trigger:focus-visible {
outline: 2px solid var(--kole-color-focus-ring);
outline-offset: -2px;
}
.kole-m-popover__trigger[aria-expanded="true"] {
border-color: var(--kole-color-brand);
color: var(--kole-color-brand);
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.kole-m-popover__panel { transition: none; }
}
frameworks-mobile/Popover.html · H5 原生(无框架) · 191 行
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, viewport-fit=cover">
<title>Kole UI Mobile · Popover(H5)</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../.design_library/kole-ui-mobile/colors_and_type.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="Popover.css">
<style>
body { margin: 0; background: var(--kole-color-page-bg); font-family: var(--kole-font-family); color: var(--kole-color-text-body); }
.demo { max-width: 375px; margin: 0 auto; padding: var(--kole-m-gutter) 0; }
.demo-label { margin: 0; padding: var(--kole-space-12) var(--kole-m-gutter) var(--kole-space-8);
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label); color: var(--kole-color-text-secondary); }
/* 展示舞台:气泡是绝对定位的(贴着触发器),所以舞台只给留白,不加 overflow 裁剪 */
.demo-stage { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; justify-content: center; gap: var(--kole-space-16);
padding: var(--kole-space-64) var(--kole-m-gutter); background: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
border-block: 1px solid var(--kole-color-border); }
.demo-stage--grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; justify-items: center;
row-gap: var(--kole-space-64); }
.demo-stage--center { justify-content: center; padding: var(--kole-space-64) var(--kole-m-gutter); }
.demo-hint { margin: 0; padding: var(--kole-space-8) var(--kole-m-gutter) 0;
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-caption); color: var(--kole-color-text-tertiary); }
.demo-outside { min-height: var(--kole-m-touch-target); padding: 0 var(--kole-m-gutter);
border: 1px dashed var(--kole-color-border-strong); border-radius: var(--kole-radius-base);
background: var(--kole-color-page-bg); color: var(--kole-color-text-secondary);
font-family: inherit; font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label); cursor: pointer; touch-action: manipulation; }
.demo-outside:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--kole-color-focus-ring); outline-offset: 2px; }
.demo-block[hidden] { display: none; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo">
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="placements">
<p class="demo-label">四个方向(placement=top / bottom / left / right:气泡永远贴着它自己的触发器)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--grid" data-assert="popover-placements">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-top" data-placement="top" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-top|data-open|true">上方</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--top kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="上方气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在上方</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-bottom" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-bottom|data-open|true">下方</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="下方气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在下方</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-left" data-placement="left" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-left|data-open|true">左侧</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--left kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="左侧气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在左侧</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-right" data-placement="right" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-right|data-open|true">右侧</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--right kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="右侧气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">气泡在右侧</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="demo-hint">四个气泡各自相对自己的触发器定位,互不影响;点一下对应按钮即可看到它出现在那一侧。</p>
</section>
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="arrow">
<p class="demo-label">无箭头(arrow=false:小屏上空间紧张时省掉三角,气泡位置不变)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-arrow">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-noarrow" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-noarrow|data-open|true">无箭头气泡</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom" role="dialog" aria-label="无箭头气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">不带箭头,仅靠位置表达归属</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="title">
<p class="demo-label">带标题(title + text:标题给出这条气泡在说什么,正文再补一句)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-title">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-title" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-title|data-open|true">运费说明</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
role="dialog" aria-label="运费说明">
<p class="kole-m-popover__title">运费规则</p>
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">单笔满 99 元免运费,偏远地区不参与。</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="demo-block" data-demo="outside">
<p class="demo-label">点击外部关闭(气泡没有遮罩可依赖:落点在气泡与触发器之外时收起)</p>
<div class="demo-stage demo-stage--center" data-assert="popover-outside">
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-outside" data-placement="bottom" data-open="false">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog"
data-behavior="click-toggles-class:#pop-outside-panel|is-open">先点我展开</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
id="pop-outside-panel" role="dialog" aria-label="待关闭的气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">展开后,再点下面的「外部区域」即可收起</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="kole-m-popover" id="pop-outside-open" data-placement="bottom" data-open="true">
<button class="kole-m-popover__trigger" type="button" aria-expanded="true" aria-haspopup="dialog">已展开的气泡</button>
<div class="kole-m-popover__panel kole-m-popover__panel--bottom kole-m-popover__panel--arrow is-open"
role="dialog" aria-label="已展开的气泡">
<p class="kole-m-popover__text">这条默认就是展开的,用来对照「点外部后是否真的收起」</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="demo-hint">
<button class="demo-outside" type="button"
data-behavior="click-sets-attr:#pop-outside-open|data-open|false">外部区域(点这里收起)</button>
</p>
</section>
</div>
<script>
/* 演示页交互:触发器切换自己的气泡(is-open + data-open + aria-expanded 同一函数写入);
点击「气泡与触发器之外」的落点收起 —— 气泡没有遮罩可依赖,所以靠 document 上的
pointerdown 判定落点,这与生产端各框架实现同口径。 */
(function () {
function setOpen(root, open) {
var panel = root.querySelector('.kole-m-popover__panel');
var trig = root.querySelector('.kole-m-popover__trigger');
root.setAttribute('data-open', open ? 'true' : 'false');
if (panel) panel.classList.toggle('is-open', open);
if (trig) trig.setAttribute('aria-expanded', open ? 'true' : 'false');
}
function rootOf(el) {
return el.closest ? el.closest('.kole-m-popover') : null;
}
document.querySelectorAll('.kole-m-popover').forEach(function (root) {
var trig = root.querySelector('.kole-m-popover__trigger');
if (!trig) return;
trig.addEventListener('click', function () {
setOpen(root, root.getAttribute('data-open') !== 'true');
});
});
document.addEventListener('pointerdown', function (e) {
var inRoot = rootOf(e.target);
document.querySelectorAll('.kole-m-popover').forEach(function (root) {
if (root === inRoot) return;
if (root.getAttribute('data-open') === 'true') setOpen(root, false);
});
});
/* demo-outside 是触发器之外的落点:click 里也收一次,保证键盘用户能用 */
document.querySelectorAll('.demo-outside').forEach(function (btn) {
btn.addEventListener('click', function () {
document.querySelectorAll('.kole-m-popover[data-open="true"]').forEach(function (root) {
setOpen(root, false);
});
});
});
})();
</script>
<script>
/* ?demo=<id> → 只显示该演示块(文档站按块预览用;无参数时全部显示,测试与回归走无参数路径) */
(function () {
var id = new URLSearchParams(location.search).get('demo');
if (!id) return;
var blocks = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.demo-block'));
var hit = false;
blocks.forEach(function (b) {
var on = b.getAttribute('data-demo') === id;
if (on) hit = true;
b.hidden = !on;
});
if (!hit) { blocks.forEach(function (b) { b.hidden = false; }); return; }
document.body.classList.add('demo-single');
var demoBox = document.querySelector('.demo');
if (demoBox) demoBox.style.minHeight = 'auto';
blocks.forEach(function (b) {
var label = b.querySelector('.demo-label');
if (label && !b.hidden) label.hidden = true;
});
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
frameworks-mobile/Popover.jsx · React · 61 行
import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import './Popover.css';
/* 弹出气泡(移动端)— 规格 §41
由触发元素定位:根是 relative 的包一层,面板在其中绝对定位,因此气泡永远贴着自己的触发器,
不铺满视口。四个方向靠 placement;箭头是纯 CSS 三角。
点击外部关闭:气泡没有遮罩可依赖,因此由本端监听 document 的 pointerdown 判定
「落点既不在面板内、也不在触发器内」时回传 onClose。宿主不采纳时视觉不变(受控)。 */
export default function Popover({
open = false,
placement = 'bottom',
triggerText = '',
title = '',
text = '',
arrow = true,
closeOnOutside = true,
onToggle,
onClose,
children = null,
}) {
const rootRef = useRef(null);
useEffect(() => {
if (!open || !closeOnOutside) return undefined;
function onDocPointerDown(e) {
const root = rootRef.current;
if (root && e.target && root.contains(e.target)) return;
if (onClose) onClose();
}
document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onDocPointerDown);
return () => document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onDocPointerDown);
}, [open, closeOnOutside, onClose]);
const panelCls =
'kole-m-popover__panel' +
` kole-m-popover__panel--${placement}` +
(arrow ? ' kole-m-popover__panel--arrow' : '') +
(open ? ' is-open' : '');
return (
<div className="kole-m-popover" ref={rootRef} data-placement={placement} data-open={open ? 'true' : 'false'}>
<button
className="kole-m-popover__trigger"
type="button"
aria-expanded={open ? 'true' : 'false'}
aria-haspopup="dialog"
onClick={() => {
if (onToggle) onToggle();
}}
>
{triggerText}
</button>
<div className={panelCls} role="dialog" aria-label={title || triggerText || undefined}>
{title ? <p className="kole-m-popover__title">{title}</p> : null}
{text ? <p className="kole-m-popover__text">{text}</p> : null}
{children}
</div>
</div>
);
}
frameworks-mobile/Popover.vue2.vue · Vue 2 · 76 行
<template>
<div ref="rootEl" class="kole-m-popover" :data-placement="placement" :data-open="open ? 'true' : 'false'">
<button
class="kole-m-popover__trigger"
type="button"
:aria-expanded="open ? 'true' : 'false'"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
@click="$emit('toggle')"
>{{ triggerText }}</button>
<div
class="kole-m-popover__panel"
:class="panelClass"
role="dialog"
:aria-label="title || triggerText || null"
>
<p v-if="title" class="kole-m-popover__title">{{ title }}</p>
<p v-if="text" class="kole-m-popover__text">{{ text }}</p>
<slot></slot>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'KoleMPopover',
props: {
open: { type: Boolean, default: false },
placement: { type: String, default: 'bottom' },
triggerText: { type: String, default: '' },
title: { type: String, default: '' },
text: { type: String, default: '' },
arrow: { type: Boolean, default: true },
closeOnOutside: { type: Boolean, default: true }
},
computed: {
panelClass: function () {
return [
'kole-m-popover__panel--' + this.placement,
this.arrow ? 'kole-m-popover__panel--arrow' : '',
this.open ? 'is-open' : ''
].filter(Boolean);
}
},
watch: {
open: function () {
this.syncOutside();
},
closeOnOutside: function () {
this.syncOutside();
}
},
mounted: function () {
this.syncOutside();
},
beforeDestroy: function () {
document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', this.onDocPointerDown);
},
methods: {
/* 点击外部关闭:气泡没有遮罩可依赖,靠 document 上的 pointerdown 判定落点 */
syncOutside: function () {
document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', this.onDocPointerDown);
if (this.open && this.closeOnOutside) {
document.addEventListener('pointerdown', this.onDocPointerDown);
}
},
onDocPointerDown: function (e) {
var root = this.$refs.rootEl;
if (root && e.target && root.contains(e.target)) return;
this.$emit('close');
}
}
};
</script>
<style src="./Popover.css"></style>
frameworks-mobile/Popover.vue3.vue · Vue 3 · 73 行
<template>
<div ref="rootEl" class="kole-m-popover" :data-placement="placement" :data-open="open ? 'true' : 'false'">
<button
class="kole-m-popover__trigger"
type="button"
:aria-expanded="open ? 'true' : 'false'"
aria-haspopup="dialog"
@click="onTriggerClick"
>{{ triggerText }}</button>
<div
class="kole-m-popover__panel"
:class="panelClass"
role="dialog"
:aria-label="title || triggerText || null"
>
<p v-if="title" class="kole-m-popover__title">{{ title }}</p>
<p v-if="text" class="kole-m-popover__text">{{ text }}</p>
<slot></slot>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { computed, onBeforeUnmount, ref, watch } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
open: { type: Boolean, default: false },
placement: { type: String, default: 'bottom' },
triggerText: { type: String, default: '' },
title: { type: String, default: '' },
text: { type: String, default: '' },
arrow: { type: Boolean, default: true },
closeOnOutside: { type: Boolean, default: true }
});
const emit = defineEmits(['toggle', 'close']);
const rootEl = ref(null);
const panelClass = computed(() => [
`kole-m-popover__panel--${props.placement}`,
props.arrow ? 'kole-m-popover__panel--arrow' : '',
props.open ? 'is-open' : ''
].filter(Boolean));
function onTriggerClick() {
emit('toggle');
}
/* 点击外部关闭:气泡没有遮罩可依赖,靠 document 上的 pointerdown 判定落点 ——
落点只要有一步落在根治下(触发器或面板)就算「内部」,其余一律回传 close。 */
function onDocPointerDown(e) {
const root = rootEl.value;
if (root && e.target && root.contains(e.target)) return;
emit('close');
}
watch(
() => [props.open, props.closeOnOutside],
() => {
const want = props.open && props.closeOnOutside;
document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onDocPointerDown);
if (want) document.addEventListener('pointerdown', onDocPointerDown);
},
{ immediate: true }
);
onBeforeUnmount(() => {
document.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onDocPointerDown);
});
</script>
<style src="./Popover.css"></style>
frameworks-mobile/Popover.uniapp.vue · uni-app(跨端:小程序 / App / H5) · 182 行
<template>
<view class="kole-m-popover" :data-placement="placement" :data-open="open ? 'true' : 'false'">
<!-- 点击外部关闭:小程序 / App 端没有 document 级事件,改用一个透明捕获层铺满视口。
层级低于面板(1100 < 面板 1200),因此只有落在气泡之外的手势才会命中它。 -->
<view
v-if="open && closeOnOutside"
class="kole-m-popover__catcher"
aria-hidden="true"
@tap="onCatcherTap"
></view>
<view
class="kole-m-popover__trigger"
role="button"
:aria-expanded="open ? 'true' : 'false'"
@tap="onTriggerTap"
>
<text>{{ triggerText }}</text>
</view>
<view
class="kole-m-popover__panel"
:class="panelClass"
:role="'dialog'"
:aria-label="title || triggerText"
>
<text v-if="title" class="kole-m-popover__title">{{ title }}</text>
<text v-if="text" class="kole-m-popover__text">{{ text }}</text>
<slot></slot>
</view>
</view>
</template>
<script setup>
/* uni-app 端 · 弹出气泡(移动端)— 规格 §41
跨端差异:没有 document,所以「点击外部关闭」用铺满视口的透明捕获层(catcher)实现,
而不是监听 document 的 pointerdown;触发器用 view + role="button" + @tap。
尺寸用 rpx(2rpx ≈ 1px,88rpx = 44px 触控最小边长)。 */
import { computed } from 'vue';
const props = defineProps({
open: { type: Boolean, default: false },
placement: { type: String, default: 'bottom' },
triggerText: { type: String, default: '' },
title: { type: String, default: '' },
text: { type: String, default: '' },
arrow: { type: Boolean, default: true },
closeOnOutside: { type: Boolean, default: true }
});
const emit = defineEmits(['toggle', 'close']);
const panelClass = computed(() => [
`kole-m-popover__panel--${props.placement}`,
props.arrow ? 'kole-m-popover__panel--arrow' : '',
props.open ? 'is-open' : ''
].filter(Boolean));
function onTriggerTap() {
emit('toggle');
}
function onCatcherTap() {
emit('close');
}
</script>
<style>
.kole-m-popover {
--kole-m-popover-gap: 16rpx;
--kole-m-popover-arrow: 10rpx;
--kole-m-popover-max-width: 480rpx;
--kole-m-touch-target: 88rpx;
--kole-m-font-size-label: 28rpx;
position: relative;
display: inline-flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-start;
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label);
line-height: 1.5;
}
.kole-m-popover__catcher {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 1100;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 1200;
box-sizing: border-box;
max-width: var(--kole-m-popover-max-width);
padding: 16rpx 24rpx;
border-radius: 12rpx;
background-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
color: var(--kole-color-text-body);
box-shadow: var(--kole-shadow-medium);
opacity: 0;
visibility: hidden;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel.is-open {
opacity: 1;
visibility: visible;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--top {
left: 0;
bottom: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--bottom {
left: 0;
top: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--left {
right: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
top: 0;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--right {
left: calc(100% + var(--kole-m-popover-gap));
top: 0;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow::after {
content: '';
position: absolute;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border: var(--kole-m-popover-arrow) solid transparent;
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--top::after {
left: 32rpx;
top: 100%;
border-top-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--bottom::after {
left: 32rpx;
bottom: 100%;
border-bottom-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--left::after {
top: 32rpx;
left: 100%;
border-left-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__panel--arrow.kole-m-popover__panel--right::after {
top: 32rpx;
right: 100%;
border-right-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
}
.kole-m-popover__title {
margin-bottom: 8rpx;
font-weight: 500;
color: var(--kole-color-text-title);
}
.kole-m-popover__text { display: block; }
.kole-m-popover__trigger {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
box-sizing: border-box;
min-height: var(--kole-m-touch-target);
padding: 0 24rpx;
border: 2rpx solid var(--kole-color-border);
border-radius: 8rpx;
background-color: var(--kole-color-card-bg);
color: var(--kole-color-text-body);
font-size: var(--kole-m-font-size-label);
}
</style>
测试与回归
断言在真实的 375×640 设备帧里跑(引擎与 PC 侧共用 tests/_runtime.js,触控行为动词来自移动端 tests/mobile/_behaviors.js)。
断言 22 条 · 全部通过 报告 2026-09-20 16:50:33
node site/dev-server.js &
REG_BASE=http://127.0.0.1:3311 node tools/run-mobile-regression.mjs # 全量 5 个组件
npm run verify:mobile-docs # 本页内容完整性 + API 与源码一致性
设计契约
components/mobile-popover.json(点击展开原始 JSON)
{
"schemaVersion": 1,
"sourceKind": "authored-spec",
"provenance": "authored-in-repo",
"specFile": "spec/移动端规格.md",
"specSection": "41 · 弹出气泡 Popover",
"confidence": "high",
"slug": "mobile-popover",
"name": "弹出气泡 Popover",
"semanticTypeCandidates": [
"popover",
"tooltip",
"hint-bubble"
],
"variantDimensions": [
{
"name": "placement",
"values": [
"top",
"bottom",
"left",
"right"
]
},
{
"name": "arrow",
"values": [
"false",
"true"
]
}
],
"representativeVariants": [
{
"placement": "top",
"arrow": "true",
"label": "上方气泡(带箭头)"
},
{
"placement": "bottom",
"arrow": "true",
"label": "下方气泡(最常用)"
},
{
"placement": "left",
"arrow": "true",
"label": "左侧气泡"
},
{
"placement": "right",
"arrow": "false",
"label": "右侧不带箭头"
}
],
"anatomy": {
"popover": "根元素,position: relative 的包一层,气泡在其中绝对定位(因此永远贴着自己的触发器)",
"trigger": "触发器(原生 button),热区 ≥44px,写 aria-expanded 与 aria-haspopup",
"panel": "气泡面板,按 placement 贴着触发器的某一侧;role=\"dialog\" 并带 aria-label",
"title / text": "标题与正文,可选",
"箭头": "arrow=true 时由纯 CSS 三角(border 拼出,无图片、无 hex)指向触发器"
},
"structurePatterns": {
"placement": "top / bottom / left / right(气泡相对触发器出现在哪一侧)",
"arrow": "false 不带三角 / true 三角指向触发器",
"状态类": "is-open 展开(触发器同步 aria-expanded=true)"
},
"usageHints": [
"在某个元素的旁边弹出一小块说明或轻量操作(运费规则、字段解释、更多操作),说完就收",
"触屏没有悬停:桌面端移开鼠标就收起,触屏必须显式给一条关闭路径(点击气泡之外)",
"气泡是相对某个触发元素定位的,不是铺满视口的浮层 —— 这是它与轻提示 / 遮罩层的根本区别",
"一次轻点触发器展开 / 收起,同一个按钮负责开与关",
"边缘空间不足时的翻转(flip)由宿主决定:把 placement 换成对侧即可,组件不做自动测量"
],
"doNotInvent": [
"基于可用空间的自动翻转与自动方位选择(placement 由宿主决定)",
"悬停触发(触屏没有悬停;桌面端若需要,由宿主包装)",
"气泡内的表单校验与提交流程",
"气泡之间的互斥开关(哪个开着由宿主管理)"
],
"unknowns": [
"是否需要在气泡贴近视口边缘时自动夹在边界内(当前只做静态定位)",
"role=\"dialog\" 对纯文字说明类气泡是否过重(当前统一用 dialog + aria-label)",
"点击外部关闭是否需要区分「点了另一个气泡」的情况"
],
"interaction": [
"一次轻点触发器展开 / 收起,同一个按钮负责开与关",
"点击外部关闭:落点不在「气泡或触发器」之内时收起;气泡没有遮罩可依赖,靠文档级 pointerdown 判定",
"uni-app 端没有 document,改用铺满视口的透明捕获层(层级低于面板)",
"不响应长按、双击与拖动;气泡自身不消费纵向滚动",
"气泡与触发器之间留 --kole-m-popover-gap(默认 8px)的间隙,避免气泡盖住触发器的按下反馈",
"开合动效 120ms(--kole-duration-fast),减少动态偏好下瞬时切换"
],
"accessibility": [
"触发器是原生 button,带 aria-expanded(读屏能播报「已展开 / 已折叠」)与 aria-haspopup",
"面板 role=\"dialog\" + aria-label:名称取 title,为空时退回触发器文字,保证读屏不会读到一个匿名对话框",
"弹出时不移动焦点(气泡是补充说明而非中断式浮层)",
"气泡不因展开而隐藏任何内容:关闭后触发器仍在原地可再次打开"
],
"api": {
"source": "implementation",
"note": "props / events / slots 为 6 端实现的公共接口(说明文字取自规格对应小节)。字段名与各端源码逐名核对:node tools/verify-mobile-docs.mjs",
"requiredNote": "「必传」按严格定义:实现里**没有默认值**时才为 Y(本门禁逐条核对 props 与各端源码的默认值,防止契约与实现脱节)。",
"props": [
{
"name": "open",
"type": "boolean",
"default": "false",
"desc": "状态 open:气泡展开可见(规格 §41.4)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "placement",
"type": "'top' | 'bottom' | 'left' | 'right'",
"default": "'bottom'",
"desc": "变体 placement:气泡相对触发器出现在哪一侧(规格 §41.3)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "triggerText",
"type": "string",
"default": "''",
"desc": "触发器文字,同时作为面板 aria-label 的兜底名称(规格 §41.2 trigger)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "title",
"type": "string",
"default": "''",
"desc": "标题,可选;同时作为面板的 aria-label(规格 §41.2 title)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "text",
"type": "string",
"default": "''",
"desc": "正文文字,可选(规格 §41.2 text)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "arrow",
"type": "boolean",
"default": "true",
"desc": "变体 arrow:是否渲染指向触发器的小三角(规格 §41.3)",
"required": false
},
{
"name": "closeOnOutside",
"type": "boolean",
"default": "true",
"desc": "落点在气泡与触发器之外时是否关闭(规格 §41.5)",
"required": false
}
],
"events": [
{
"name": "toggle",
"params": "—",
"desc": "点击触发器时触发;是否展开由宿主决定(受控)(规格 §41.5)"
},
{
"name": "close",
"params": "—",
"desc": "落点在气泡与触发器之外、且 closeOnOutside=true 时触发(规格 §41.5)"
}
],
"slots": [
{
"name": "default",
"desc": "气泡内容(放在 title / text 之后,用于自定义内容)"
}
]
},
"variantClasses": {
"placement": {
"top": [
".kole-m-popover__panel--top"
],
"bottom": [
".kole-m-popover__panel--bottom"
],
"left": [
".kole-m-popover__panel--left"
],
"right": [
".kole-m-popover__panel--right"
]
},
"arrow": {
"false": [],
"true": [
".kole-m-popover__panel--arrow"
]
}
},
"demos": [
{
"id": "placements",
"group": "01 组件类型",
"title": "四个方向",
"desc": "上方 / 下方 / 左侧 / 右侧:气泡各自相对自己的触发器定位,所以四个可以同页并列而互不影响。",
"variant": "placement=top|bottom|left|right"
},
{
"id": "arrow",
"group": "01 组件类型",
"title": "无箭头",
"desc": "arrow=false:省掉三角,仅靠位置表达归属,适合小屏上空间紧张的场景。",
"variant": "arrow=false"
},
{
"id": "title",
"group": "02 组件状态",
"title": "带标题",
"desc": "title 给出这条气泡在说什么,正文再补一句;标题同时作为面板的 aria-label 供读屏播报。",
"variant": "title 非空"
},
{
"id": "outside",
"group": "02 组件状态",
"title": "点击外部关闭",
"desc": "气泡没有遮罩可依赖,落点在气泡与触发器之外时收起;触屏上这是唯一的隐式关闭路径。",
"variant": "closeOnOutside=true"
}
],
"related": [
{
"slug": "mobile-popup",
"why": "需要铺满视口、带方向位移与标题栏的浮层时用弹出层;气泡只贴着触发器,不覆盖整屏"
},
{
"slug": "mobile-toast",
"why": "只是短暂告知结果、不需要贴着某个元素时用轻提示;气泡会一直停在触发器旁边等用户处理"
},
{
"slug": "mobile-dialog",
"why": "需要用户确认或输入的中断式浮层用对话框,气泡不该承载需要决策的内容"
}
]
}